新加坡的简史

The answer lies in a unique set of geography and history – Singapore’s strategic location on the major sea route between India and China, its excellent harbor, and its free-trade harbor status granted by its visionary founder Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. However, while Sir Stamford Raffles created the framework for Singapore’s early success, it was Singapore’s former Prime Minister, the late Mr. Lee Kuan Yew who shaped the first quarter-century of Singapore’s existence as an independent nation and defined the path to its current success. What follows is a brief history of the country’s origins from a colonial outpost to the developed nation that it is today.

Mythical Origins

Recent studies have verified that lions have never roamed Singapore. However, the original legend was that a long time ago, a 14th century Sumatran prince spotted an auspicious beast upon landing on the island after a thunderstorm, which he was told was a 'lion'. Thus, the name Singapore comes from the Malay words “Singa” for lion and “Pura” for city. Prior to European settlement, the island now known as Singapore was the site of a Malay fishing village and inhabited by several hundred indigenousorang laut.人。

现代新加坡的成立

In late 1818, Lord Hastings – the British Governor General of India – appointed Lieutenant General Sir Stamford Raffles to establish a trading station at the southern tip of the Malay peninsula. The British were extending their dominion over India and their trade with China was expanding. They saw the need for a port of call to “refit, revitalise and protect their merchant fleet” as well as to prevent any advances made by the Dutch in the East Indies.

在1819年测量附近的附近岛屿之后，斯坦福德莱佛士爵士和英国东印度公司的其余部分登陆新加坡，该公司沿着香料路线成为其战略贸易职位。最终新加坡成为英国帝国最重要的商业和军事中心之一。该岛是槟城（1786年）和马六甲（1795年）后马来半岛的第三次英国收购。这三个英国定居点（新加坡，槟城和马六甲）在英国印度的控制下成为了1826年的直接定居点。到1832年，新加坡成为三个方面的政府中心。1867年4月1日，直接定居点成为皇冠殖民地，由伦敦殖民办公室管辖范围的州长统治。

放松英国的据点

英国军队向第二次世界大战中的新加坡投降。英国总理温斯顿丘吉尔described这是“作为英国历史上最严重的灾难和最大的投降”。在战争的后果中，国家面临着高失业率，经济增长缓慢，房屋不足，腐朽的基础设施，劳动力罢工和社会动荡不足的问题面临着惊人的问题。尽管如此，它引发了当地人口中的政治觉醒，看到了反殖民和民族主义情绪的兴起，如口号“梅尔德卡”的阐述，意思是马来语中的“独立”。

1959年，新加坡成为英国帝国的自治国家，与玉器·宾·斯哈克是第一个杨德 - 佩特源尼卡拉（马来语为“杰出的国家）”）和李宽迎头作为第一个和长期最级总理（他才致以1990年）。Before joining the Federation of Malaysia along with Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak, Singapore declared independence from Britain unilaterally in August 1963. Two years later in 1965, Singapore left the Federation of Malaysia after heated ideological conflicts arose between the Singapore government’s major political party called the People’s Action Party (PAP) and the federal Kuala Lumpur goverment. On 9 August 1965, Singapore officially gained sovereignty. Yusof Bin Ishak was sworn in as its first president and Lee Kuan Yew remained prime minister.

如果没有岌岌可危的经济前景，独立地黯然失色。根据Barbara Leitch Lepoer，编辑新加坡：一个国家研究（1989年）：“从马来西亚分离意味着新加坡经济腹地的丧失，而印度尼西亚在新加坡和马来西亚指导的军事对抗政策已经干涸了Entrepot.从那个方向。“根据同一本书，新加坡还面临着1968年英国岛屿基地宣布的损失20％的就业机会。

成功之路

这些问题而不是排放新加坡的新加坡，而不是让新加坡的领导力集中在全国经济上。随着剑桥教育的律师李波迎头，在其掌舵处，新加坡政府通过激励措施促进出口导向的劳动力广泛的工业化，以吸引外国投资。毕竟，新加坡仍然有其优势的战略地点。

到1972年，新加坡制造公司的四分之一季度是外国或合资企业，美国和日本都是主要投资者。由于新加坡稳定的政治气候，有利的投资条件和世界经济的快速扩张从1965年到1973年，该国的国内生产总值（GDP）经历了年度两位数的增长。

With the economic boom of the late 1960s and 1970s, new jobs were created in the private sector. The government provision of subsidised housing, education, health services and public transportation generated new jobs in the public sector. The Central Provident Fund, the country’s comprehensive social security scheme sustained by compulsory contributions by employer and employee, provided the necessary capital for government projects and financial security for the country’s workers in their old age.

20世纪70年代末，政府将其战略重点改变为技能和技术密集，高附加值的行业，远离劳动密集型制造业。特别是，信息技术得到了扩建的优先事项，新加坡成为1989年世界上最大的磁盘驱动器和磁盘驱动器零件生产商。在同年，该国的30％的GDP是由于制​​造业的收益。

新加坡的国际和金融服务部门仍然是其经济增长最快的部门之一，占该国20世纪80年代后期的近25％的国内生产总值。同年，新加坡在东京之后的两个最重要的亚洲金融中心等待着香港。到1990年，新加坡正在举办超过650家跨国公司和几千家金融机构和贸易公司。在政治前沿，戈湿塘成功1990年李宽耀扬，2004年，李波炎的长子，李俊龙，成为新加坡的第三首总理。

新加坡身份

Out of 5.638 million新加坡人32.85万辆是新加坡公民，大约0.533亿的是新加坡永久居民。中国人，马来西亚和印度人在该国的三个官方族群组成。拥有如此多民族人口，这个国家的领导者设想一个呼吁“强调卓越的独特个人主义”的新加坡身份。

For more information on Singapore’s population, labor force and demographics, see新加坡人民。

概要

The island’s initial success resulted from its role as a conveniently located and duty-free entrepot for the three-way trade among China, India and the Malay archipelago. By the late 19th century, the British overloads of Singapore had extended their influence throughout the Malay peninsula and the port of Singapore acquired a rich hinterland of resources.

When the British failed to protect Singapore from Japanese occupation during World War II, they lost their credibility with Singaporeans. The aftermath sparked an outpouring of anti-colonial and nationalist sentiments. After the merger with Malaysia and the subsequent separation, the former colonial port of Singapore become a leader in global financing and trading in the 1970s. Today, it continues to wittingly maneuver its way in the world of international trade, just as it had done in the 19th century, and a large part of that success is owed to the country's pro-industrialisation policies and excellence-oriented multi-ethnic people.